Constitutional Law

Challenges based on the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution regarding the appointment of federal officers.

1. A.B. v. United States of America

2. Jurisdiction: United States (March 30, 2026)
3. VictimsA.B.DefendantsUnited States of AmericaPlaintiffsA.B.InvestigatorsFederal Bureau of InvestigationProsecutorsUnited States Department of JusticeDefense AttorneysUnited States Attorney's OfficePlaintiff AttorneysAmerican Civil Liberties UnionJudgesUnited States District Court JudgeInstitutionsUnited States District CourtUnited States Court of AppealsDepartment of Homeland Security
4. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Immigration Detention;Due Process;Class Action

1. Smith v. State of Alabama

2. Jurisdiction: United States (April 7, 2026)
3. VictimsJohn DoeDefendantsState of AlabamaPlaintiffsMarcus SmithInvestigatorsDetective Sarah ChenProsecutorsDavid MillerDefense AttorneysAngela WrightPlaintiff AttorneysBenjamin FosterJudgesJudge Robert ThompsonInstitutionsAlabama Supreme CourtMontgomery Police Department
4. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Criminal Procedure;Civil Rights;Technology Law

1. Spencer v. United States of America

2. Jurisdiction: United States (April 21, 2026)
3. VictimsNot publicly disclosedDefendantsUnited States of AmericaPlaintiffsRobert SpencerInvestigatorsFederal Bureau of InvestigationProsecutorsUnited States Department of JusticeDefense AttorneysNot publicly disclosedPlaintiff AttorneysNot publicly disclosedJudgesNot publicly disclosedInstitutionsUnited States District CourtFederal Bureau of InvestigationUnited States Department of Justice
4. Case Tags: Federal Tort Claims;Constitutional Law;Civil Rights Litigation;Bivens Action

1. Kailing v. United States

2. Jurisdiction: United States (March 31, 2026)
3. Original Case: Kailing v. United States of America
4. Key Figures: John Kailing (Plaintiff), United States of America (Defendant)
5. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Religious Freedom Restoration Act;Vaccine Mandate;Supreme Court Ruling

1. Foy v. Jefferson County Department of Human Resources

2. Jurisdiction: United States (April 27, 2026)
3. Key Figures: Jane Foy (Plaintiff, mother); Jefferson County Department of Human Resources (Defendant, government agency)
4. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Due Process;Child Custody;Government Liability

1. Toshkhua v. Smith et al

2. Jurisdiction: United States (March 16, 2026)
3. Key Figures: Plaintiff: Toshkhua (full name undisclosed); Defendants: Smith et al. (multiple state officials)
4. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Due Process;Civil Rights;Habeas Corpus